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The Orava Ethnographic Park Museum is a centre of Oravan history and
culture. It is here that a former Oravan village was reconstructed,
including the key element of the Moniak manor.
At the Orava Museum, there are open-air events aiming at the presentation
of a live village, full of singing, dancing, music. folk art and craft,
customs and farming work. The largest events
include the "Świeto Borówki" ("Blueberry Day"), organised on the last Sun
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day of July. This is an annual event
including shows of folk craft, such as
smithing, embroidery, painting, pottery. I
wicker work, tailoring, making paper flowers, and such vanishing crafts of
Orava people as flax work, cabbage cutting, horse labour at the treadmill,
crop clearing; there are also song and dance ensemble shows and
competitions for children and adults. Apart from visiting, one may also
learn a traditional craft at the Museum. In groups of about 20 people,
after previously arranging a time, under the supervision of an instructor,
you may participate in the flax working process, making flour and bread,
painting on glass, making paper decorations or rag-dolls, as well as
learning to sing regional songs.
Access to the Museum in Zubrzyca Górna: from Krakow via route no. 7 (E77)
to Jabłonka, then turn right by route no. 957 towards Zawoja and Maków
Podhalanski; from Oswiecim via route no. 28 to Maków Podhalanski and
further by route no. 957 towards Jabłonka.
The museum is open
from 1 May to 30 September between 8.30 AM and 5 PM.
from 1 October to 30 April between 8.30 AM and 2.30 PM.
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Visiting
We propose two routes for visiting the museum, depending on the time
you wish to spend here. The "small loop" includes the buildings
inside the museum's fencing, while the "large loop" is an extension
of the "small loop", leading also outside the fence to facilities
located in the new sector of the museum. |
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Small loop
Start of the visit
No. 1. The Black lnn
No. 2. Granary and entry gate
No. 3. The Dziubek family house
No. 4. Apiary
No. 5. The Pas-Filipek family farm
No. 6. The Moniak manor house
No. 7. Oil mill and carriage house
No. 8. The Dziurczak family
house
No. 21. The Kot family house
No. 22. Cloth processing house
No. 23. Sawmill
No. 24. Forgery
No. 25. Manor house cellar
No. 26. The White Inn
No. 27. Poor farmer's house
No. 28. Bell tower
End of the visit.
Big loop
Start of the visit
No. 1. The Black Inn
No. 2. Granary and entry gate
No. 3. The Dziubek family house
No. 4. Apiary
No. 5. The Pas-Filipek family farm
No. 6. The Moniak manor house
No. 7. Oil mill and carriage house
No. 8. The Dziurczak family house
No. 9. The Omylak family house
No. 10. Church
No. 11. The Misiniec family farm
No. 12. The Wontorczyk family farm
No. 13. The Mafysa family farm
No. 14. Shepherds' huts
No. 15. The Swietlak family house
No. 16. The Anna Pawlak house
No. 17. The Joanna Moniak house
No. 18. The Miraj family farm
No. 19. The Czarniak family farm
No. 20. School
No. 21. The Kot family house
No. 22. Cloth processing house
No. 23. Sawmill
No. 24. Forgery
No. 25. Manor house cellar
No. 26. The White Inn
No. 27. Poor farmer's house
No. 28. Bell tower
End of the visit.
Visiting the buildings from the outside - without a
guide Visiting the interiors - with a guide only |
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BLACK INN |
NO. 1 |
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The former inn from Podwilk, called the Black Inn, which now acts as
a reception, ticket office and souvenir shop also offering regional
publications. It is a large building from the 18th century, covered
with a tall 'Polish-type' shingle roof. It features a dual-route
layout. Its characteristic feature is the central hall of broken and
whitewashed stone. Small windows visible in the roof are a reminder
of former smoke holes from the times when the building featured a
smoke-based heating system. The system was based on furnaces and
stoves not having smoke ducts or chimneys. Smoke was exhausted
through an opening in the high ceiling, and then through small
windows in the roof. The 'dark' room was full of black smoke
deposited inside on the beams.
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The present decoration and method of roofing such windows resembles
the manor-style lucarne window. In the past, the building acted as
the village hospital, a place of senior citizen care, yet for the
longest time it served as an inn with living premises. After the
transfer to Zubrzyca, in the years 1955-1975, a tourist shelter
operated in the building. |
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GRANARY AND ENTRY GATE |
NO.2 |
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The granary is an eighteenth-century building with an upper floor,
surrounded by an open gallery and covered with a tent-type shingle
roof. It features high walls of a spruce beam framework, with a
'fish tail' structure. It was brought to the museum in 1954 from the
village of Podwilk, where it once served as a granary for the rural
presbytery. Together with the granary, elements of a historical
roofed gate were also transported, which was carefully
reconstructed.
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THE DZIUBEK FAMILY HOUSE |
NO.3 |
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The house of Alojzy Dziubek transferred to the museum from
Jabłonka. It is a nineteenth-century
building with a characteristic
Oravan upper floor that housed a granary. It is an example of
the more wealthy farms where agriculture
prevailed instead of shepherding
or forestry. Such farms occurred in the valley part
of Orava, near Jabłonka.
The house features three large rooms
surrounded by smaller farming
rooms from the north, while a long hall divides one
of the living rooms.
The building is of a rectangular beam
structure with a hipped roof.
Inside, the rooms are arranged in a suite: First, there is
the 'dark room' heated via a chimneyless
system, followed by the 'white
room'.
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The owner's wealth is testified to by
two granaries on the floor. They
can be accessed via stairs in the hall, leading to the upper
floor. On the upper floor,
through the door, one can enter a long open gallery stretching
along the entire front wall, from which the granary can be
entered. An interesting element is also the board-type 'solar
clock' hanging on one of the poles of the gallery. In the house,
we can also presently see the 'wedding reception chamber' - an
interior showing the fully furnished room complete with tables,
benches, dishes, plates, and candlesticks, as if prepared for
wedding guests. In front of the
house, there is a pile of fire-wood placed in the characteristic
traditional Oravan way.
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APIARY |
NO. 4 |
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Bee
hives collected here are made of hollow tree logs with various
shapes of entry holes. The hives are surrounded with a beautiful and
characteristic fence of fine, bent planks cut with an axe from a log
of wood along the grains. Bee-keeping (both forest and home-based)
was a supplement to the farming or shepherd business, thus providing
additional resources and income. Hives are covered with flat roofs
of planks cut from a log with an adze, with two- or three-sloping
roofs with eaves, or cone-shaped roofs.
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THE PAŚ-FILIPEK FAMILY FARM
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NO.5 |
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The house of the middle class Paś-Filipek family is a typical
example of Oravan building art. This is testified to by such
elements as the house's construction according to a square plan, its
asymmetry, rooms in the form of a suite, a hipped roof with shingles
and an upper floor accessed by stairs in front of the building,
semi-circular door frames, pole-type window frames, bent line of
roof corners with smoke holes (house heated with smoke system). The
building does feature a chimney, yet it is the result of the heating
system's reconstruction after World War I. The house was brought
into the museum from the nearby village of Jabłonka. |
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Legend has it that in former times the building was transported from
Zubrzyca to Jabłonka as the dowry of a bride coming from Zubrzyca.
The beam supporting the ceiling of the white room features the year
of construction: 1843, while the chamber shows the date of 1765
which refers to single elements of the construction. The interior
traditionally comprises a hall placed on the side, behind which
there is the dark room, the white
room
and, further, behind an internal wall, is a utility room.
Inside the house there are presently three weaving workshops
and weaving equipment. These include flax processing tools,
such as planks with dense
iron spikes for seeding the
flax bundles, a kind of bat
for bashing flax stems,
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equipment for the manual
breaking and crushing of
hard harls (dry flax stems).
Inside the house, there is
also an exhibition of textile
products which constituted
an important sector of the economy at the time.
In front of the house, there is a fenced garden with vegetables
and flowers, while in the back yard is a typical farm building,
reconstructed in 1958, comprising three premises: stables, food
store, and a tall, wide space where it was possible to drive in
with a cart full of harvest to unload and thresh crops.
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THE MONIAK
MANOR HOUSE
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NO. 6
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The Moniak farm is a manor complex and the most precious monument
and 'heart' of the Orava Museum. It comprises six buildings that
have been here for over 300 years. These are: an ancient manor,
sheepfold, cart hall, pigsty, manor stables and a cellar. Farm
buildings serve as warehouses and in the summer, an exhibition of
farming tools takes place here. The Moniak family acted as village
administrators from the establishment of the village in the 16th
century to the mid-19th century. In 1674, the family obtained the
gentry title awarded by the emperor's act, receiving a coat of arms
featuring a wolf standing on its rear feet, holding a cross and
sword.
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The main and oldest building is the wooden manor house. Its left
wing is probably older and, according to family tradition,
originates from the 17th century. The right wing is already
dated - on the beam supporting the ceiling was carved the date of
1784.
The visit of the interior starts with the dark room, which
still features the archaic room heated via the chimneyless system,
with a high ceiling. Below the ceiling are long beams, on which
fire-wood was placed for drying. There are two stone stoves here,
with two open hearths in front. Smoke from the hearths spread across
the room, darkening, and at the same time preserving the spruce
beams of the house structure, while stoves served for baking bread,
drying flax, or for resting - in the winter people lay down to sleep
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on the warm stove. Another, smaller stove heated the neighbouring
room - the white room - with no smoke, which served as the
guest room. In the corner, opposite the grand stove in the dark
room, there is a table with a renaissance-shaped stand and regular
plank top, and chairs with profiled supports. By the walls, there
are benches with beautifully shaped edges. Over the table is a shelf
with bowls and jugs. Such shelves can be found in various parts of
the room. On the top peg of one of the shelves is an iron dog-collar
with long spikes, which was to protect the dog against attacks by
wolves. Under the ceiling, there is a board which used to serve as a
shelf for dairy products - cheese, smoked cheese, and dried herbs.
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The floor in the room is made of a compacted and dried clay layer,
while in the corner, at the stove, there is a floor for animals made
of fine tree trunks, as in frosty winters calves were brought here
to protect them against the cold. Hens and rabbits were kept in a
wooden cage next to the stove. Behind the dark room, there is
a small store for food. The white room, with a wooden floor,
is a different interior. It features furniture and equipment that
are carved, painted, or even inlaid, which testified to the wealth
of the owners. We can admire a writing desk with letters and stamps
and, high on the wall, there is a long shelf with paintings on
glass. In 1784, another,
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right wing of the wooden manor house was built. Its furnishing
corresponds to the nature of 19th-century, more modest gentry
manor houses. The living room, the most representative room of the
house, is filled with Biedermeyer-and Louis Philippe-style
furniture. On the dresser is a small collection of china. At the
time, rooms were lit with oil lamps and candles. From the living
room, a small door leads to the former village administrator's
office.
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OIL MILL |
NO.7 |
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The oil house is a building where oil was made from flaxseed. The
flaxseed oil, among other things, served for enriching food with fat
during the period of Lent. The building comprises two rooms. One is
furnished with long logs with holes where wooden pistons enter,
moved with levers pressed by oil-maker's legs. It was in this part
where flaxseeds were crushed, which resulted in a fatty, floury
pulp. In the other room, such pulp was placed in a copper pan of the
small corner stone stove located there, and heated until a
semi-liquid consistence was achieved. Next, there was a wedge-ram
press. The hot deposit was wrapped in two pieces of cloth - one of
woollen
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cloth, the other made of bristle - and placed inside a horizontal,
thick, halved log hanging on two vertical poles, immobilised from
the top with a strong plug. Manually moved side rams hammered the
wooden wedges into the openings in the logs with the force of up to
a thousand kilogrammes, while the log pressing onto the plug
clenched the pulp between its halves, thus crushing it with great
force, while the dripping oil was filtered by the cloth and bristle. |
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THE DZIURCZAK FAMILY HOUSE |
NO.
8
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The house of the Dziurczak family is a building from the late 19th
century, transported here from the neighbouring village of Zubrzyca
Dolna. It features an open balcony with laced board-work in the
lower part. It is an example of a newer construction, without a
granary or gallery, featuring a one-and-a-half route layout and
entry placed at the house axis. Its windows are of a newer type with
frames, and twofold opening with a total of six panes. The roof only
features one smoke hole for the central room, which still has the
archaic smoke-based heating system. In side rooms, in turn, newer
types of stoves were introduced, with chimneys.
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The building is placed on stone foundations and a deep basement with
an arched roof, where harvests were to be kept. The house is not
open to visitors, as it houses the Museum's library and ethnographic
laboratory, as well as its storerooms. Upon request, a collection of
folk and shepherd musical instruments can be presented to visitors. |
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THE OMYLAK FAMILY HOUSE |
NO. 9
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The house of the Omylak family. The facility was transported from
the neighbouring village of Zubrzyca Dolna, dating back to the
second half of the 19th century, and has characteristic features of
Oravan architecture. The hall is situated laterally, the doors are
arched, and the front wall is symmetrically divided. Presently, it
houses a biographical exhibition devoted to Piotr Borowy, a great
Oravan, independence activist, philosopher and author of famous
teachings, called the 'Apostle of Orava' who, after World war I,
took part in the Polish delegation to Paris together with Father
Ferdynand Machay to negotiate with the American President, Woodrow
Wilson,
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the re-accession of Orava and Spis, which were under the Habsburg
rule, to Poland.
Apart from documents, photographs and souvenirs, there is also a
chest that was once the dowry of a bride - the mother of Father
Ferdynand Machay, a grand Oravan, mitrate, theologian and politician
from the period of the Second Republic of Poland, an independence
activist who studied in Budapest and Paris, later arch-presbyter of
the Mariacki Church in Krakow, a columnist and publisher. |
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CHURCH |
NO.10
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The Church of Our Lady of the Snow was transferred from the village
of Tokarnia near Jordanow and erected here in 2008. It is the first
such wooden sacral facility in the museum. Its placement next to the
farm of the Misiniec family, which hosted young Karol Wojtyla, later
Pope John Paul II, is not accidental and has a symbolic meaning. The
fact it has been placed next to the Moniak manor house also refers
to the tradition of chapels and other sacral facilities at manor
houses. The church was built in the early 18th century, originally
as a manor house chapel, which was then rebuilt in the years 1806
and 1877. The last extension and renovation of the church were
carried out in the period of 1964-68. |
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The church has a beam framework. It comprises a nave with a
vestibule and a choir closed on three sides, with an added vestibule
and vestry. On the outside, the church has been covered with planks
and a pitched shingled roof. Over the choir, there is a small tower
for an ave-bell, covered with a spherical dome. Inside, the church
appears to have an arched ceiling in the nave, with flat ceiling
sections on the sides. Moreover, apart from late-Baroque altars, in
the church, we can admire the sculptures of contemporary folk artist
Jozef Wrona from the village of Tokarnia. Next to the church, there
is the bell tower. It is a reconstruction of the original bell tower
that remained in Tokarnia.
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THE MISINIEC FAMILY FARM |
NO.11
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The entire complex: house with garden and well, a farm building, a
ground cellar for harvests dug in the slope of a hill, and a
forgery, have been here since their origin. The house dates back to
the turn of the 19th and the 20th centuries, with a characteristic
pedimentroof. The for-mer owners say that in 1938 they hosted young
Karol Wojtyta, later Pope John Paul II, when he was working as a
stonecutter building the road to Silesia across the pass at Mount
Babia Gora, which is com-memorated by a wooden plaque.
Until the late 1980s, the entire farm was
used by the last co-owner, Maria Misiniec who, until the end of her
stay at Zubrzyca, ran a small farm,
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which included a cow, and always served visitors dry home-made
cheese, and offered fruit candies to children. |
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THE
WONTORCZYK FAMILY FARM |
NO. 12
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Alongside is exhibited a farm of the shape of the letter „L" type.
It comprises the 19th-century house of Mr Wontorczyk from the nearby
village of Lipnica Mala and the farm building of the Solawa family
from the neighbouring village of Zubrzyca Dolna. The Wontorczyk
family house was transferred to the museum in 1986, and rebuilt in
1997. This house is made of a beam framework structure, covered with
shingle roof, based on a stone foundation, featuring higher stone
levels along the front wall that was characteristic of Oravan
architecture and served as a pass (under the eaves) to farm
buildings. Richly ornamented window frames are to be noted.
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The Solawa farm building dates from the 1940s, and was reconstructed
at the museum in 2007. It features a framework structure, partly
made of planks, and a shingle roof. The vast barn crosses the
stables, with a wooden bridge in front of the entrance, from the
store rooms. |
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THE MAŁYSA FAMILY FARM |
NO. 13 |
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The farm of the Malysa family from the village of Chyzne, and dates
back to 1869. It was transferred to the museum in 1985 and is an
example of a dual-building farm in a single row, in an elongated
layout. It features a granary and laced gallery, typical of Orava.
It is covered with a hipped roof of shingles and thatch bundles
bound along the edge with a straw rope, laid on the roof ears
downwards. Inside the house, manually embroidered tapestries with
maxims are exhibited, as they were a popular element of wall
decoration in village kitchens and rooms; the house also features an
exhibition devoted to its last owner, who was a pilgrim. The
interior is typical of the mid-20th century.
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SHEPHERDS'HUTS |
NO. 14
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Bee
hives collected here are made of hollow tree logs with various
shapes of entry holes. The hives are surrounded with a beautiful and
characteristic fence of fine, bent planks cut with an axe from a log
of wood along the grains. Bee-keeping (both forest and home-based)
was a supplement to the farming or shepherd business, thus providing
additional resources and income. Hives are covered with flat roofs
of planks cut from a log with an adze, with two- or three-sloping
roofs with eaves, or cone-shaped roofs.
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THE SWIETLAK FAMILY HOUSE |
NO. 15
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Das
Wirtschaftshaus des Bauern Świetlak, stammt aus einem Weiler von Zubrzyca Górna
und ist im Freilichtmuseum seit dem Jahre 1984. Es ist ein Gebäude aus den
vierziger Jahren des 20. Jahrhunderts, aus Holz, in einer Blockholzweise
errichtet, mit einer breiten Front, asymmetrisch mit einer Kammer durch einen
Flur abgetrennt, gedeckt durch ein Satteldach aus Holzschindeln mit Traufe. Die
Spalten zwischen den Wandelementen des Holzhauses wurden mit Moos abgedichtet,
die Abdichtungsstellen wurden mit Lehm bestrichen und blau angemalt.
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THE ANNA PAWLAK HOUSE |
NO. 16 |
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The house of Anna Pawlak from the village of Piekielnik, transferred
to the museum in 1985 is a typically Oravan building with a granary
on the upper floor, and a beam framework. The doors are arched. The
hipped roof is covered with thatch and shingles. The house dates
back to the second half of the 19th century. Presently, it houses an
exhibition of former carpentry, carving and sculpture.
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THE JOANNA MONIAK HOUSE |
NO. 17
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This is an example of one-building farm. Under a common roof, there
are living rooms and utility rooms linked with a barn. The farm
dates back to the early 20th century. It was transferred to the
museum from Zubrzyca Gorna in 1984, and rebuilt in 1995. The last
owners lived at this farm until 1984, hence the building reached the
museum in a good condition, together with its original furniture. In
the residential part of the house, spaces between the beams were
filled with moss, sealed with clay, and painted blue.
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THE MIRAJ FAMILY FARM |
NO. 18
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This is a one-building farm, featuring living rooms and utility
rooms linked with the barn, under a common roof. Originally, the
entire house of the Miraj family was thatched, similarly as most
buildings in Jablonka until the mid-20th century. In those days,
thatch was the cheapest and the most easily available material for
roofing. Every householder who sowed rye, cut it with a scythe and
threshed it with flails, and had a ready product for thatching in
the autumn. Almost everyone could make such a roof on their own, and
repair it without a problem in case of damage. Unfortunately, thatch
was flammable.
Presently, thatching (not to be confused with reed roofing) is one
of the most expensive roof covers. |
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Machine harvesting means that there is no appropriate material, and
there are no volunteers for the difficult manual, labour-consuming
work of thatching.
Therefore, despite prior plans to faithfully restore the Miraj
house, we finally decided to cover it with a shingle roof,
symbolically leaving only part of the thatched roof. |
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THE CZARNIAK FAMILY FARM |
NO. 19
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The Czarniak family farm, built in 1930, was transferred to the
museum from Zubrzyca Gorna. The residential building, with a
basement, covered with a shingle pediment roof, and the farm
building, are linked from the east with an open roof with a gate.
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SCHOOL |
NO. 20
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A school, transferred to the museum from Lipnica Wielka, dates from
the second half of the 19th century. It is a wooden building of beam
framework. It is covered with a pediment roof. The entrance is
covered with an open porch. The layout is of a single suite type,
with a separate large classroom and two living premises for the
teacher. Presently the interior is used for temporary exhibitions at
the Museum.
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THE MOT FAMILY HOUSE |
NO. 21
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The house of Franciszek Kot from the village of Zubrzyca Gorna is a
building erected in 1869. In front, there is a small garden
surrounded by a fence of spruce branches. The house, similarly to
the manor house, features an upper floor with granary and, along the
wall, a gallery where flax and linen used to be dried. According to
the prevailing rule, the house faces south. The roof is hipped, made
of carefully laid shingles, while the front of the house features a
beautiful arched door decorated with the motif of a rising sun that
leads to the hall at the edge of the building. From the hall, a door
leads to the dark room, the furnishing of which resembles that of
the Moniak manor, only the room is smaller and the furniture
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- poorer. Behind the dark room, there is the white room featuring a
bed with the dowry linen of the wife, and festive clothes hanging on
the perches next to the stove. On the side wall is a board with
paintings and decorative dishes. Oravan interiors usually featured
hand-made equipment. |
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CLOTH PROCESSING HOUSE |
NO. 22
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The cloth processing house was where cloth was milled. It comprises
two rooms divided by a hall, covered by a pitched roof of planks
split from a log. Inside the first room is a stone stove with a
copper pot for heating water supplied from the stream with a channel
grooved in a perch. Hot water was in turn fed using a similar
channel to the floor-based log with an opening into which woollen
material was placed that had been woven in home weaving workshops.
The textile was flushed with hot water and subsequently beaten with
two vast hammers driven by a water mill, which resulted in uniform
thickness and compact texture of the linen, but at the same time in
shrinking by approximately 60%. |
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SAWMILL |
NO. 23
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The sawmill was transported to the museum from the village of
Lopuszna near Nowy Targ. It is a long platform with a roof of
chopped planks, featuring boarding just from one side. It served for
sawing logs into halves, beams or planks. The sawmill equipment was
driven by a turbine and, owing to the transmission system, saws
moved from bottom up and back cutting along the trunks.
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FORGERY |
NO. 24
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The forge is covered with a roof featuring a large hood over the
entrance. Inside, there is a large blacksmith's stove with grand
leather bellows for enhancing the embers. There are all the tools
necessary for the work of a blacksmith, such as hammers, pincers and
anvils where iron items were worked: horse shoes, ploughshares,
ferrules for cart wheels, hinges and ferrules for doors, and other
iron items used on farms
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THE WHITE INN |
NO. 26
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An inn from the village of Podwilk, called the White Inn, with
whitewashed walls, blue window frames and doors. It is covered with
a pediment roof and features a small attic and balcony. Presently,
it houses the museum offices, while temporary exhibitions are
organised in the attic
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POOR FARMER'S HOUSE
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NO. 27
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A poor house, which earned its name due to its small size. It was
transported from the village of Podszkle at the turn of the 1960s
and 1970s. Until then, it had been heated with the archaic smoke
system, namely without a chimney. Under the shingle roof, there are
two modest rooms in a suite, and utility rooms. This type of
architecture from the late 19th century, without a granary or
gallery, was characteristic of poor families.
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BELL TOWER |
NO. 28
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The bell tower was transferred from a hamlet in Zubrzyca Gorna. It
has a beam structure and is placed on a low foundation. Walls slant
towards the centre and are boarded with planks. On this structure, a
superstructure was placed with open windows, where a small,
seventeenth-century bronze bell hangs. Such bell towers were built
in the fields in Orava, in areas remote from the church, but from
where their bell could be heard well. The bell rang three times per
day at the time of Angelus Domini Prayer, and whenever anyone from
the area passed away. The bells also served to "drive away the
clouds" during the coming storm, which was the belief of farmers
working in the field. |
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